203. Lozano-Onrubia, G.; Nazarov, M. A.; Walker, G. C,.  A Tutorial on Instrumental Parameters in Pulsed Force Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy, Langmuir 2024, xx, xx-xx, DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c03719

202. Lai, Y.-F.; Leung, L; Walker, G. C.; Polanyi, J. C. Abortive reaction leads to selective adsorbate rotation, Faraday Discussions, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FD00167A

201. Yakavets I, Ayachit M, Kheiri S, Chen Z, Rakhshani F, McWhirter S, Young EWK, Walker GC, Kumacheva E. A Microfluidic Platform for Evaluating the Internalization of Liposome Drug Carriers in Tumor Spheroids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024, 16, 9690-9701.

200. Liu, Y.; Zhu, T.; Grater, L.; Chen, H.; dos Reis, R.; Maxwell, A. T.; Cheng, M.; Dong, Y.; Teale, A.; Leontowich, A.; Kim, C.-Y.; Chan, P. T.-S.; Wang, M.; Paritmongkol, W.; Gao, Y.; Park, S. M.; Xu, J.; Khan, J.; Laquai, F.; Walker, G. C.; Dravid, D.; Chen, B.; Sargent, E. H. “A Three-Dimensional Strain Network Stabilizes Perovskite Solids”, Matter, 2024, 7, 107-122.

199. Liu, Y., Tran; K. Ho, K.; Yang, T.; Li, X.; Wong, S.-H.; Zhang, M.; Walker, G. C.; Lucas, F.; Winnik, F. A. “Stratification of polyisocyanate in two-component waterborne polyurethane films, Chemistry Engineering Journal, 2024, 483, 148981

198. Morozova, S.; López-Flores, L.; Gevorkian, A.; Zhang, H.; Adibnia, V.; Shi, W.; Nykypanchuk, D.; Statsenko, T.; Walker, G. C.; Gang, O.; Olvera de la Cruz, M.; Kumacheva, E., Colloidal clusters and networks formed by oppositely charged nanoparticles with varying stiffness, ACS Nano, 2023, 15, 15012–15024.

197. Wang YK, Jia F, Li X, Teale S, Xia P, Liu Y, Chan PT, Wan H, Hassan Y, Imran M, Chen H, Grater L, Sun LD, Walker GC, Hoogland S, Lu ZH, Yan CH, Liao LS, Sargent EH. “Self-assembled monolayer based blue perovskite LEDs,” Science Advances, 2023, 9, eadh2140.  

196. Hassan, E.; McWhirter, S.; Walker, G. C.; Martinez-Rubi, Y.; Zou, S. “Elimination of cancers in co-culture: Role of nanocarriers in regulation of CD47 and calreticulin induced phagocytosis” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15, 3, 3791–3803.

195. Zia, N.; Raza, A.; Zia, A.; Shafiq, R.; Andleeb, S.; Ahmad, N.; Iqbal, Z.; Walker, G. C. “Synthesis, biodistribution, and kinetic study of technitium-99m labeled polymeric micelles for non-invasive imaging” Nanomaterials, 2022, 12, 2198. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132198.

194. Liu, Y.; Tran, K.; Ho, K.; Emsermann, J.; Zhang, J.; de Oliveira Silva, P.; Walker, G.; Lucas, F.; Soleimani, M.; Winnik, M. A. “Influence of intraparticle cross-linking on polymer diffusion in latex films prepared from secondary dispersions,” Progr. Organic Coatings, 2022, 164, 106691, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106691.

193. Wang, G.; Najafi, F.; Ho, K.; Hamidinejad, M.; Cui, T.; Walker, G. C.; Singh, C. V., Filleter, T. “Mechanical Size Effect of Freestanding Nanoconfined Polymer Films”, Macromolecules, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02270.

188.  Adibnia, V.; Ma, Y.; Halimi, I.; Walker, GC.; Banquy, X.*’; Kumacheva, E.* Phytoglycogen Nanoparticles: Nature-Derived Superlubricants, ACS Nano. 2021. 15, 8953 – 8964 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01755.

187.  Dey, S.; Surendran, D.; Enberg, O.; Gupta, A.; Fanibunda, S. E.; Das, A.; Maity, B. M.; Dey, A.; Visvakarma, V.; Kallianpur, M.; Scheidt, H. A.; Walker, G. C.; Vaidya, V. A; Huster, D.; Maiti, S. Altered Membrane Mechanics Provides a Receptor-Independent Pathway for Serotonin Action, Chem. Euro. J. 2021, 27, 1 – 10 doi:  10.1002/chem.202100328.

186.  Ho, K.; Wei, M.; Sargent, E. H.; Walker, G. C. Grain Transformation and Degradation Mechanism of Formamidinium and Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite under Humidity and Light, ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 934 – 940 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02247.

185.  Yu, Q.; Roberts, M. G.; Houdaihed, L.; Liu, Y.; Ho, K.; Walker, G. C.; Allen, C.; Reilly, R. M.; Manners, I.; Winnik, M. A. Investigating the Influence of Block Copolymer Micelle Length on Cellular Uptake and Penetration in a Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Model, Nanoscale. 2020,13, 280 – 291 doi: 10.1039/D0NR08076D.

184.  Wang, L.; Zeng, G.; Walker, G. C.; Xu, X. G. Peak Rorce Infrared Microscopy for Label-Free Chemical Imaging at Sub 10 nm Spatial Resolution, Proc. SPIE. 11252, Advanced Chemical Microscopy for Life Science and Translational Medicine, 112521L. 2020. doi: 10.1117/12.2541976.

183. Hassan, E. M.; Walker, G. C.; Wang, C.; Zou, S. Anti-Leukemia Effect Associated with Down-Regulated CD47 and Up-Regulated Calreticulin by Stimulated-Macrophages in Co-Culture, Cancer Immunol. Immun. 2020. 70, 787 – 801 doi: 10.1007/s00262-020-02728-z. 

182. Dumont, A.; Ho, K.; Kung, H-T; Qiu, C.; Li, P.; Luo, D.; Zhao, Y.; Walker, G. C.; Lu, Z. Extraordinary Mass Transport and Self‐Assembly: A Pathway to Fabricate Luminescent CsPbBr3 and Light‐Emitting Diodes by Vapor‐Phase Deposition. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 2020, 2000506. doi: 10.1002/admi.202000506.

181. Xie, J.; Li, P.; Ho, K.; Walker, G. C.; Lu, Z. Effect of Ag cathode deposition rate on the performance of organic light-emitting diodes. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 2020, 117, 105170. doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2020.105170.

180. Walker, G. C. New Directions for Langmuir. Langmuir. 2020, 36, 1–2. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03781.

188.  Adibnia, V.; Ma, Y.; Halimi, I.; Walker, GC.; Banquy, X.*’; Kumacheva, E.* Phytoglycogen Nanoparticles: Nature-Derived Superlubricants, ACS Nano. 2021, 15, 8953 – 8964 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01755.

187.  Dey, S.; Surendran, D.; Enberg, O.; Gupta, A.; Fanibunda, S. E.; Das, A.; Maity, B. M.; Dey, A.; Visvakarma, V.; Kallianpur, M.; Scheidt, H. A.; Walker, G. C.; Vaidya, V. A; Huster, D.; Maiti, S. Altered Membrane Mechanics Provides a Receptor-Independent Pathway for Serotonin Action, Chem. Euro. J. 2021, 27, 1 – 10 doi:  10.1002/chem.202100328.

186.  Ho, K.; Wei, M.; Sargent, E. H.; Walker, G. C. Grain Transformation and Degradation Mechanism of Formamidinium and Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite under Humidity and Light, ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 934 – 940 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02247.

185.  Yu, Q.; Roberts, M. G.; Houdaihed, L.; Liu, Y.; Ho, K.; Walker, G. C.; Allen, C.; Reilly, R. M.; Manners, I.; Winnik, M. A. Investigating the Influence of Block Copolymer Micelle Length on Cellular Uptake and Penetration in a Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Model, Nanoscale. 2020,13, 280 – 291 doi: 10.1039/D0NR08076D.

184.  Wang, L.; Zeng, G.; Walker, G. C.; Xu, X. G. Peak Rorce Infrared Microscopy for Label-Free Chemical Imaging at Sub 10 nm Spatial Resolution, Proc. SPIE. 11252, Advanced Chemical Microscopy for Life Science and Translational Medicine, 112521L. 2020. doi: 10.1117/12.2541976.

183. Hassan, E. M.; Walker, G. C.; Wang, C.; Zou, S. Anti-Leukemia Effect Associated with Down-Regulated CD47 and Up-Regulated Calreticulin by Stimulated-Macrophages in Co-Culture, Cancer Immunol. Immun. 2020. 70, 787 – 801 doi: 10.1007/s00262-020-02728-z. 

182. Dumont, A.; Ho, K.; Kung, H-T; Qiu, C.; Li, P.; Luo, D.; Zhao, Y.; Walker, G. C.; Lu, Z. Extraordinary Mass Transport and Self‐Assembly: A Pathway to Fabricate Luminescent CsPbBr3 and Light‐Emitting Diodes by Vapor‐Phase Deposition. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 2020, 2000506. doi: 10.1002/admi.202000506.

181. Xie, J.; Li, P.; Ho, K.; Walker, G. C.; Lu, Z. Effect of Ag cathode deposition rate on the performance of organic light-emitting diodes. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 2020, 117, 105170. doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2020.105170.

180. Walker, G. C. New Directions for Langmuir. Langmuir. 2020, 36, 1–2. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03781.

179. Phillips, C.; Gilburd, L.; Xu, X. G.; Walker, G. C. Surface and Volume Phonon Polaritons in Boron Nitride Nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 4851–4856. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01829.

178. Ho, K.; Kim, K. S.; Gilburd, L.; Mirzoyan, R.; de Beer, S.; Walker, G. C. Nanoscale Subsurface Morphologies in Block Copolymer Thin Films Revealed by Combined Near-Field Infrared Microscopy and Mechanical Mapping. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2019, 1, 933–938. doi: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00189.

177. Ip, S.; MacLaughlin, C. M.; Joseph, M.; Mullaithilaga, N.; Yang, G.; Wang, C.; Walker, G. C. Dual-Mode Dark Field and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Liposomes for Lymphoma and Leukemia Cell Imaging. Langmuir 2019, 35, 1534–1543. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02313.

176. Jankowski, A. P.; Pao, C.; Walker, G. C. Photonic Nanoparticles for Cellular and Tissular Labeling. In Comprehensive Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2nd ed.; Andrews, D., Nann, T., Lipson, R., Eds.; Academic Press: Cambridge, 2019, 147–170. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10446-1.

175. Yi, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Li, P.; Ho, K.; Blozowski, N.; Walker, G.; Jaffer, S.; Tjong, J.; Sain, M.; Lu, Z. The effect of tannic acids on the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS Films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 448, 583–588. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.168.

174. Wagner, M.; Jakob, D. S.; Horne, S.; Mittel, H.; Osechinskiy, S.; Phillips, C.; Walker, G. C.; Su, C.; Xu, X. G. Ultrabroadband Nanospectroscopy with a Laser-Driven Plasma Source. ACS Photonics 2018, 5, 1467–1475. doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01484.

173. Walters, C. M; Pao, C.; Gagnon, B. P.; Zamecnik, C. R.; Walker, G. C. Bright Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with Fluorescence Quenching from Silica Encapsulated J-Aggregate Coated Gold Nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1705381. doi: 10.1002/adma.201705381.

172. Jiang, J.-H.; Xu, X. G.; Gilburd, L.; Walker, G. C. Optical hot-spots in boron-nitride nanotubes at mid infrared frequencies: one-dimensional localization due to random-scattering. Opt. Express 2017, 25, 25059–25070. doi: 10.1364/OE.25.025059.

171. Tebbe, M.; Galati, E.; Walker, G. C.; Kumacheva, E. Homopolymer Nanolithography. Small 2017, 13, 1702043. doi: 10.1002/smll.201702043.

170. Kim, K. S.; Trajanoski, D.; Ho, K.; Gilburd, L.; Maiti, A.; van der Velden, L.; de Beer, S.; Walker, G. C. The Effect of Adjacent Materials on the Propagation of Phonon Polaritons in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 2902–2908. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01048.

169. Gilburd, L.; Kim, K. S.; Ho, K.; Trajanoski, D.; Maiti, A.; Halverson, D.; de Beer, S.; Walker, G. C. Hexagonal Boron Nitride Self-Launches Hyperbolic Phonon Polaritons. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 2158–2162. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00748.

168. Alipour, E.; Halverson, D.; McWhirter, S.; Walker, G. C. Phospholipid Bilayers: Stability and Encapsulation of Nanoparticles. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2017, 68, 261–283. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112634.

167. Li, H.; Walker, G. C. Twist and Shout: Single-Molecule Mechanochemistry. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 28–30. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08562.

166. Gonzalez-Alvarez, M. J.; Jia, L.; Guerin, G.; Kim, K. S.; An Du, V.; Walker, G.; Manners, I.; Winnik, M. A. How a Small Modification of the Corona-Forming Block Redirects the Self-Assembly of Crystalline–Coil Block Copolymers in Solution. Macromolecules 2016, 49, 7975–7984. doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01616

165. Walker, G. C. Net charge of trace proteins. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2016, 11, 739–740. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.143.

164. Kim, K. S.; Gunari, N.; MacNeil, D.; Finlay, J.; Callow, M.; Callow, J.; Walker, G. C. Aqueous-Based Fabrication of Low-VOC Nanostructured Block Copolymer Films as Potential Marine Antifouling Coatings. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 20342–20351. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b04629.

163. Gilburd, L.; Xu, X. G.; Bando, Y.; Golberg, D.; Walker, G. C. Surface Phonon Coupling within Boron Nitride Nanotubes Resolved by a Novel Near-Field Infrared Pump-Probe Imaging Technique. Microsc. Microanal. 2016, 22, 366–367. doi: 10.1017/S1431927616002683.

162. Navab, R.; Strumpf, D.; To, C.; Pasko, E.; Kim, K. S.; Park, C. J.; Hai, J.; Liu, J.; Jonkman, J.; Barczyk, M.; Bandarchi, B.; Wang, Y. H.; Venkat, K.; Ibrahimov, E.; Pham, N.-A.; Ng, C; Radulovich, N.; Zhu, C.-Q.; Pintilie, M.; Wang, D.; Lu, A.; Jurisica, I.; Walker, G. C.; Gullberg, D.; Taso, M.-S. Integrin α11β1 regulates cancer stromal stiffness and promotes tumorigenicity and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2016, 35, 1899–1908. doi: 10.1038/onc.2015.254.

161. Gilburd, L.; Xu, X. G.; Bando, Y.; Golberg, D.; Walker, G. C. Near-Field Infrared Pump–Probe Imaging of Surface Phonon Coupling in Boron Nitride Nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 289–294. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02438.

160. Xu, X. G.; Gilburd, L.; Bando, Y.; Golberg, D.; Walker, G. C. Defects and Deformation of Boron Nitride Nanotubes Studied by Joint Nanoscale Mechanical and Infrared Near-Field Microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 1945–1951. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10670.

159. Bhowmik, D.; Mote, K. R.; MacLaughlin, C. M.; Biswas, N.; Chandra, B.; Basu, J. K.; Walker, G. C.; Madhu, P. K.; Maiti, S. Cell-Membrane-Mimicking Lipid-Coated Nanoparticles Confer Raman Enhancement to Membrane Proteins and Reveal Membrane-Attached Amyloid-β Conformation. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 9070–9077. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03175.

158. Mondal, J.; Halverson, D.; Li, I. T. S.; Stirnemann, G.; Walker, G. C.; Berne, B. J. How osmolytes influence hydrophobic polymer conformations: A unified view from experiment and theory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2015, 112, 9270–9275. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1511780112.

157. Stewart, A. F.; Gagnon, B. P.; Walker, G. C. Forming End-to-End Oligomers of Gold Nanorods Using Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines. Langmuir 2015, 31, 6902–6908. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01323.

156. Sarvothaman, M. K.; Kim, K. S.; Seale, B.; Brodersen, P. M.; Walker, G. C.; Wheeler, A. R. Dynamic Fluoroalkyl Polyethylene Glycol Co-Polymers: A New Strategy for Reducing Protein Adhesion in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 506–515. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201402218.

155. Xu, X. G.; Gilburd, L.; Walker, G. C. Phase stabilized homodyne of infrared scattering type scanning near-field optical microscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105, 263104. doi: 10.1063/1.4905207.

154. Feng, C.; Jose Gonzalez-Alvarez, M.; Song, Y.; Li, I.; Zhao, G.; Molev, G.; Guerin, G.; Walker, G. C.; Scholes, G. D.; Manners, I.; Winnik, M. A. Synthesis, self-assembly and photophysical properties of oligo(2,5-dihexyloxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol). Soft Matter 2014, 10, 8875–8887. doi: 10.1039/C4SM01402B.

153. Xu, X. G.; Jiang, J.-H.; Gilburd, L.; Rensing, R. G.; Burch, K. S.; Zhi, C.; Bando, Y.; Golberg, D.; Walker, G. C. Mid-infrared Polaritonic Coupling between Boron Nitride Nanotubes and Graphene. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 11305–11312. doi: 10.1021/nn504093g.

152. Klinkova, A.; Thérien-Aubin, H.; Ahmed, A.; Nykypanchuk, D.; Choueiri, R. M.; Gagnon, B.; Muntyanu, A.; Gang, O.; Walker, G. C.; Kumacheva, E. Structural and Optical Properties of Self-Assembled Chains of Plasmonic Nanocubes. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 6314–6321. doi: 10.1021/nl502746h.

151. Ghamsari, B. G.;  Xu, X. G.; Gilburd, L.; Walker, G. C.; Berini, P. Mid-infrared surface phonon polaritons in boron-nitride nanotubes. J. Opt. 2014, 16, 114008. doi: 10.1088/2040-8978/16/11/114008.

150. Xu, X. G.; Ghamsari, B. G.; Jiang, J.-H.; Gilburd, L.; Andreev, G. O.; Zhi, C.; Bando, Y.; Golberg, D.; Berini, P.; Walker, G. C. One-dimensional surface phonon polaritons in boron nitride nanotubes. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4782. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5782.

149. Stewart, A. F.; Lee, A.; Ahmed, A.; Ip, S.; Kumacheva, E.; Walker, G. C. Rational Design for the Controlled Aggregation of Gold Nanorods via Phospholipid Encapsulation for Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 5462–5467. doi: 10.1021/nn4044589.

148. Jia, L.; Zhao, G.; Shi, W.; Coombs, N.; Gourevich, I.; Walker, G. C.; Guerin, G.; Manners, I.; Winnik, M. A. A design strategy for the hierarchical fabrication of colloidal hybrid mesostructures. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3882. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4882.

147. Molev, G.; Lu, Y.; Kim, K. S.; Majdalani, I. C.; Guerin, G.; Petrov, S.; Walker, G.; Manners, I.; Winnik, M. A. Organometallic–Polypeptide Diblock Copolymers: Synthesis by Diels–Alder Coupling and Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly to Uniform Truncated Elliptical Lamellae. Macromolecules 2014, 47, 2604–2615. doi: 10.1021/ma402441y.

146. Bhowmik, D.; MacLaughlin, C.; Walker, G. C.; Maiti, S. Decoupling Conformation, Aggregation and Function of Amyloid-β Monomers and Oligomers: An FCS, SERS and AFM Study. Biophys. J. 2014, 106 (2, Supplement 1), 269a–270a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.1580.

145. Bhowmik, D.; MacLaughlin, C. M; Chandrakesan, M.; Ramesh, P.; Venkatramani, R.; Walker, G. C.; Maiti, S. pH changes the aggregation propensity of amyloid-β without altering the monomer conformation. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 885–889. doi: 10.1039/C3CP54151G.

144. Sullan, R. M. A.; Shi, W.; Chan, H.; Li, J. K.; Walker, G. C. Mechanical stability of phase-segregated multicomponent lipid bilayers enhanced by PS-b-PEO diblock copolymers. Soft Matter 2013, 9, 6245–6253. doi: 10.1039/C3SM50855B.

143. Qian, J.; Lu, Y.; Chia, A.; Zhang, M.; Rupar, P. A.; Gunari, N.; Walker, G. C.; Cambridge, G.; He, F.; Guerin, G.; Manners, I.; Winnik, M. A. Self-Seeding in One Dimension: A Route to Uniform Fiber-like Nanostructures from Block Copolymers with a Crystallizable Core-Forming Block. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 3754–3766. doi: 10.1021/nn400124x.

142. Tanur, A. E.; Wang, J.; Reddy, A. L. M.; Lamont, D. N.; Yap, Y. K.; Walker, G. C. Diameter-Dependent Bending Modulus of Individual Multiwall Boron Nitride Nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 4618–4625. doi: 10.1021/jp308893s.

141. Xu, X. G.; Tanur, A. E.; Walker, G. C. Phase Controlled Homodyne Infrared Near-Field Microscopy and Spectroscopy Reveal Inhomogeneity within and among Individual Boron Nitride Nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. A 2013, 117, 3348–3354. doi: 10.1021/jp4008784.

140. Walker, G.; Kambhampati, P.; Silva, C.; Simon, J. D. Biography of Paul F. Barbara. J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 4157–4159. doi: 10.1021/jp401719t.

139. Pirotta, S.; Xu, X. G.; Delfan, A.; Mysore, S.; Maiti, S.; Dacarro, G.; Patrini, M.; Galli, M.; Guizzetti, G.; Bajoni, D.; Sipe, J. E.; Walker, G. C.; Liscidini, M. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Purely Dielectric Structures via Bloch Surface Waves. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 6821–6825. doi: 10.1021/jp400223f.

138. Kumachev, A.; Tumarkin, E.; Walker, G. C.; Kumacheva, E. Characterization of the mechanical properties of microgels acting as cellular microenvironments. Soft Matter 2013, 9, 2959–2965. doi: 10.1039/C3SM27400D.

137. Paulite, M.; Blum, C.; Schmid, T.; Opilik, L.; Eyer, K.; Walker, G. C.; Zenobi, R. Full Spectroscopic Tip-Enhanced Raman Imaging of Single Nanotapes Formed from β-Amyloid(1–40) Peptide Fragments. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 911–920. doi: 10.1021/nn305677k.

136. MacLaughlin, C. M.; Mullaithilaga, N.; Yang, G.; Ip, S. Y.; Wang, C.; Walker, G. C. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Dye-Labeled Au Nanoparticles for Triplexed Detection of Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells and SERS Flow Cytometry. Langmuir 2013, 29, 1908–1919. doi: 10.1021/la303931c.

135. Zamecnik, C. R.; Ahmed, A.; Walters, C. M.; Gordon, R.; Walker, G. C. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Lipid Encapsulated Plasmonic Nanoparticles and J-Aggregates To Create Locally Enhanced Electric Fields. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 1879–1886. doi: 10.1021/jp3117352.

134. Liscidni, M.; Pirotta, S.; Xu, X.; Delfan, A.; Mysore, S.; Maiti, S.; Dacarro, G.; Patrini, M.; Galli, M.; Guizzetti, G.; Bajoni, D.; Sipe, J. E.; Walker, G. Demonstration of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering in Purely Dielectric Structures via Bloch Surface Waves. In CLEO: Science and Innovations, San Jose, CA, United States, June 2013. Optical Society of America, Washington D. C., United States, 2013.

133. Velasco, D.; Chau, M.; Thérien-Aubin, H.; Kumachev, A.; Tumarkin, E.; Jia, Z.; Walker, G. C.; Monteiro, M.; Kumacheva, E. Nanofibrillar thermoreversible micellar microgels. Soft Matter 2013, 9, 2380–2383. doi: 10.1039/C2SM27796D.

132. MacLaughlin, C. M.; Parker, E. P. K.; Walker, G. C.; Wang, C. Evaluation of SERS labeling of CD20 on CLL cells using optical microscopy and fluorescence flow cytometry. Nanomedicine 2013, 9, 55–64. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.04.003.

131. Li, I. T. S.; Walker, G. C. Single Polymer Studies of Hydrophobic Hydration. Acc. Chem. Res. 2012, 45, 2011–2021. doi: 10.1021/ar200285h.

130. Reddy, A. L. M.; Gupta, B. K.; Narayanan, T. N.; Martí, A. A.; Ajayan, P. M.; Walker, G. C. Probing of Ni-Encapsulated Ferromagnetic Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Time-Resolved and Steady-State Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 12803–12809. doi: 10.1021/jp210597m.

129. MacLaughlin, C. M.; Ip, S.; Mullaithilaga, N.; Parker, E.; Wang, C.; Walker, G. C. Cell Surface Protein Detection using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Gold Nanoparticles. Biophys. J. 2012, 102 (3, Supplement 1), 589a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.3212.

128. Shi, W.; Zou, S.; Walker, G. C. Single Fibronectin Type III Module Desorption from Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces: Study by Single Molecule Force and Raman Spectroscopy. Biophys. J. 2012, 102 (3, Supplement 1), 587a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.3199.

127. Li, I. T. S.; Walker, G. C. Temperature, Length Scale and Surface Dependence of Single Polymer Hydrophobic Hydration. Biophys. J. 2012, 102 (3, Supplement 1), 175a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.951.

126. Ip, S. Y.; MacLaughlin, C. M.; Mullaithilaga, N.; Joseph, M.; Wala, S.; Wang, C.; Walker, G. C. Lipid-encapsulation of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles and targeting to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. In Frontiers in Biological Detection: Proc. SPIE 8212: From Nanosensors to Systems IV, San Francisco, CA, January 31, 2012; Miller, B. L., Fauchet, P. M., Eds.; SPIE: Bellingham, WA, 2012; 821204. doi: 10.1117/12.909179.

125. MacLaughlin, C. M.; Parker, E. P. K.; Walker, G. C.; Wang, C. Polymer-coated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) gold nanoparticles for multiplexed labeling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. In Frontiers in Biological Detection: Proc. SPIE 8212: From Nanosensors to Systems IV, San Franciso, CA, January 31, 2012; Miller, B. L., Fauchet, P. M., Eds.; SPIE: Bellingham, WA, 2012; 821203. doi: 10.1117/12.909192.

124. Li, J. K.; Li, I. T. S.; Walker, G. C.; Sullan, R. M. A.; Zou, S.; Sun, Y. Polymer Nanomechanics. In Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference; Matyjaszewski, K., Möller, M., Eds; Academic Press: Cambridge, 2012, 377–404. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53349-4.00184-9.

123. Li, I. T. S.; Walker, G. C. Signature of hydrophobic hydration in a single polymer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2011, 108, 16527–16532. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1105450108.

122. Ip, S.; MacLaughlin, C. M.; Gunari, N.; Walker, G. C. Phospholipid Membrane Encapsulation of Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Langmuir 2011, 27, 7024–7033. doi: 10.1021/la200212c.

121. Grozea, C. M.; Li, I. T. S.; Grozea, D.; Walker, G. C. Microdomain Orientation of Diblock Copolymer Ultrathin Films Solvent Annealed at Low Temperatures. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 3901–3909. doi: 10.1021/ma102470v.

120. Paulite, M.; Fakhraai, Z.; Li, I. T. S.; Gunari, N.; Tanur, A. E.; Walker, G. C. Imaging Secondary Structure of Individual Amyloid Fibrils of a β₂-Microglobulin Fragment Using Near-Field Infrared Spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 7376–7383. doi: 10.1021/ja109316p.

119 . Shi, W.; Walker, G. Mechanical Desorption of Single Fibronectin Type III Module from Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces. Biophys. J. 2011, 100 (3, Supplement 1), 480a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.2816.

118. Sullan, R. M. A.; Chan, H.; Li, J. K.; Walker, G. C. Nanomechanical Stability of Phase-Segregated Multicomponent Lipid Bilayers Enhanced by Pluronics. Biophys. J. 2011, 100 (3, Supplement 1), 329a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.1995.

117. Gunari, N.; Brewer, L. H.; Bennett, S. M; Sokolova, A.; Kraut, N. D.; Finlay, J. A.; Meyer, A. E.; Walker, G. C.; Wendt, D. E.; Callow, M. E.; Callow, J. A.; Bright, F. V.; Detty, M. R. The control of marine biofouling on xerogel surfaces with nanometer-scale topography. Biofouling 2011, 27, 137–149. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2010.548599.

116. Ip, S.; MacLaughlin, C. M.; Nguyen, C. T.; Walker, G. C. Photonic Nanoparticles for Cellular and Tissular Labeling. In Comprehensive Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Andrews, D., Scholes, G., Wiederrecht, G., Eds.; Academic Press: Cambridge, 2010, 59–104. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374396-1.00076-3.

115. Stebounova, L.; Paulite, M.; Walker, G. C.; Fakhraai, Z. Biological Imaging Using Near-Field Scanning Microscopy. In Comprehensive Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Andrews, D., Scholes, G., Wiederrecht, G., Eds.; Academic Press: Cambridge, 2010; 263–285. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374396-1.00089-1.

114. Rossky P. J.; Walker G. C. Paul F. Barbara (1953–2010). Science 2010, 330, 1191. doi: 10.1126/science.1199894.

113. Wang, M.; Zhang, M.; Li, J.; Kumar, S.; Walker, G. C.; Scholes, G. D.; Winnik, M. A. Self-Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots on the Scaffold of Triblock Copolymer Micelles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2, 3160–3169. doi: 10.1021/am100645j.

112. Raz, N.; Li, J. K.; Fiddes, L. K.; Tumarkin, E.; Walker, G. C.; Kumacheva, E. Microgels with an Interpenetrating Network Structure as a Model System for Cell Studies. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 7277–7281. doi: 10.1021/ma101231z.

111. Finlay, J. A.; Bennett, S. M.; Brewer, L. H.; Sokolova, A.; Clay, G.; Gunari, N.; Meyer, A. E.; Walker, G. C.; Wendt, D. E.; Callow, M. E.; Callow, J. A.; Dettey, M. R. Barnacle settlement and the adhesion of protein and diatom microfouling to xerogel films with varying surface energy and water wettability. Biofouling 2010, 26, 657–666. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2010.506242.

110. Weinman, C. J.; Gunari, N.; Krishnan, S.; Dong, R.; Paik, M. Y.; Sohn, K. E.; Walker, G. C.; Kramer, E. J.; Fischer, D. A.; Ober, C. K. Protein adsorption resistance of anti-biofouling block copolymers containing amphiphilic side chains. Soft Matter 2010, 6, 3237–3243. doi: 10.1039/B925114F.

109. Sullan, R. M. A.; Li, J. K.; Hao, C.; Walker, G. C.; Zou, S. Cholesterol-Dependent Nanomechanical Stability of Phase-Segregated Multicomponent Lipid Bilayers. Biophys. J. 2010, 99, 507–516. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.04.044.

108. Ip, S.; Li, J. K.; Walker, G. C. Phase Segregation of Untethered Zwitterionic Model Lipid Bilayers Observed on Mercaptoundecanoic-Acid-Modified Gold by AFM Imaging and Force Mapping. Langmuir 2010, 26, 11060–11070. doi: 10.1021/la100605t.

107. Nguyen, C. T.; Nguyen, J. T.; Rutledge, S.; Zhang, J.; Wang, C.; Walker, G. C. Detection of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell surface markers using surface enhanced Raman scattering gold nanoparticles. Cancer Lett. 2010, 292, 91–97. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.11.011.

106. Li, I. T. S.; Walker, G. C. Interfacial Free Energy Governs Single Polystyrene Chain Collapse in Water and Aqueous Solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 6530–6540. doi: 10.1021/ja101155h.

105. Reddy, A. L. M.; Tanur, A. E.; Walker, G. C. Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of different types of boron nitride nanostructures. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2010, 35, 4138–4143. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.01.072.

104. Kofke, M. J.; Waldeck, D. H.; Walker, G. C. Composite nanoparticle nanoslit arrays: a novel platform for LSPR mediated subwavelength optical transmission. Opt. Express 2010, 18, 7705–7713. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.007705.

103. Tanur, A. E.; Gunari, N.; Sullan, R. M. A.; Kavanagh, C. J.; Walker, G. C. Insights into the composition, morphology, and formation of the calcareous shell of the serpulid Hydroides dianthus. J. Struct. Biol. 2010, 169, 145–160. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.09.008.

102. Li, I. T. S.; Paige, M.; Walker, G. C. Solvent Effect on the Unfolding Force of a Single Hydrophobic Polymer. Biophys. J. 2010, 98 (3, Supplement 1), 592a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.3220.

101. Paulite, M. J.; Gunari, N.; Walker, G. C. The Addition of an Osmolyte, Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Secondary Structure Heterogeneity Among Amyloid Fibrils. Biophys. J. 2010, 98 (3, Supplement 1), 252a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.1370.

100. Sullan, R. M A.; Li, J. K.; Walker, G. C.; Zou, S. Cholesterol-Dependence of the Rupture Activation Energy in Phase-Segregated Multicomponent Lipid Bilayers. Biophys. J. 2010, 98 (3, Supplement 1), 205a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.1096.

99. Bennett, S. M.; Finlay, J. A.; Gunari, N.; Wells, D. D.; Meyer, A. E.; Walker, G. C.; Callow, M. E.; Callow, J. A.; Bright, F. V.; Detty, M. R. The role of surface energy and water wettability in aminoalkyl/fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon-modified xerogel surfaces in the control of marine biofouling. Biofouling 2009, 26, 235–246. doi: 10.1080/08927010903469676.

98. Paulite, M.; Fakhraai Z.; Akhremitchev, B. B.; Mueller, K.; Walker G. C. Assembly, Tuning and Use of an Apertureless Near Field Infrared Microscope for Protein Imaging. J. Vis. Exp. 2009, 33, 1581. doi: 10.3791/1581.

97. Grozea, C. M.; Walker, G. C. Approaches in designing non-toxic polymer surfaces to deter marine biofouling. Soft Matter 2009, 5, 4088–4100. doi: 10.1039/B910899H.

96. Grozea, C. M.; Gunari, N.; Finlay, J. A.; Grozea, D.; Callow, M. E.; Callow, J. A.; Lu, Z.-H.; Walker, G. C. Water-Stable Diblock Polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) and Diblock Polystyrene-block-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Cylindrical Patterned Surfaces Inhibit Settlement of Zoospores of the Green Alga Ulva. Biomacromolecules 2009, 10, 1004–1012. doi: 10.1021/bm900065b.

95. Li, I. T. S.; Walker, G. C. Effect Of Temperature On The Mechanical Properties Of Fibronectin. Biophys. J. 2009, 96 (3, Supplement 1), 641a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3392.

94. Tanur, A. E.; Gunari, N. A.; Sullan, R. M. A.; Kavanagh, C. J.; Walker, G. C. Biomineralization By The Marine Tubeworm Hydroides Dianthus: Structure And Composition Of The Adhesive Cement. Biophys. J. 2009, 96 (3, Supplement 1), 640a–641a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3387.

93. Ip, S.; Walker, G. C. Artificial Phospholipid Bilayers On Nano-patterned Gold Surfaces For Biosensing. Biophys. J. 2009, 96 (3, Supplement 1), 351a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.1770.

92. Paulite, M.; Fakhraai, Z.; Gunari, N.; Tanur, A.; Walker, G. C. Different Individual Amyloid Fibrils Exhibit Different Beta Sheet Secondary Structures via Near-field Infrared Spectroscopy. Biophys. J. 2009, 96 (3, Supplement 1), 87a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.355.

91. Li, I. T. S.; Gunari, N.; Walker, G. C. Experimental Evidence Of Polymer Hydrophobic Collapse Due To Water Density Fluctuation. Biophys. J. 2009, 96 (3, Supplement 1), 36a. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.079.

90. Kofke, M. J.; Waldeck, D. H.; Fakhraai, Z.; Ip, S.; Walker, G. C. The effect of periodicity on the extraordinary optical transmission of annular aperture arrays. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 023104. doi: 10.1063/1.3067835.

89. Sullan, R. M. A.; Gunari, N.; Tanur, A. E.; Chan, Y.; Dickinson, G. H.; Orihuela, B.; Rittschof, D.; Walker, G. C. Nanoscale structures and mechanics of barnacle cement. Biofouling 2009, 25, 263–275. doi: 10.1080/08927010802688095.

88. Cheung, J. W. C.; Walker, G. C. Immuno-Atomic Force Microscopy Characterization of Adsorbed Fibronectin. Langmuir 2008, 24, 13842–13849. doi: 10.1021/la802452v.

87. Wang, M.; Zou, S.; Guerin, G.; Shen, L.; Deng, K.; Jones, M.; Walker, G. C.; Scholes, G. D.; Winnik, M. A. A Water-Soluble pH-Responsive Molecular Brush of Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) Grafted Polythiophene. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 6993–7002. doi: 10.1021/ma800777m.

86. Mueller, K.; Yang, X.; Paulite, M.; Fakhraai, Z.; Gunari, N.; Walker, G. C. Chemical Imaging of the Surface of Self-Assembled Polystyrene-b-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Diblock Copolymer Films Using Apertureless Near-Field IR Microscopy. Langmuir 2008, 24, 6946–6951. doi: 10.1021/la703406d.

85. Gunari, N.; Walker, G. C. Nanomechanical Fingerprints of Individual Blocks of a Diblock Copolymer Chain. Langmuir 2008, 24, 5197–5201. doi: 10.1021/la7034054.

84. Li, J. K.; Zou, S.; Rider, D. A.; Manners, I.; Walker, G. C. Differential Conductivity in Self-Assembled Nanodomains of a Diblock Copolymer Using Polystyrene-block-Poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane). Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 1989–1993. doi: 10.1002/adma.200702796.

83. Tivanski, A. V.; Li, J. K.; Walker, G. C. Pressure-Induced Restructuring of a Monolayer Film Nanojunction Produces Threshold and Power Law Conduction. Langmuir 2008, 24, 2288–2293. doi: 10.1021/la7032498.

82. Gunari, N.; Balazs, A. C.; Walker, G. C. Force-Induced Globule-Coil Transition in Single Polystyrene Chains in Water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 10046–10047. doi: 10.1021/ja068652w.

81. Nie, Z.; Fava, D.; Kumacheva, E.; Zou, S.; Walker, G. C.; Rubinstein, M. Self-assembly of metal–polymer analogues of amphiphilic triblock copolymers. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 609–614. doi: 10.1038/nmat1954.

80. Zhang, H.; Tumarkin, E.; Sullan, R. M. A.; Walker, G. C.; Kumacheva, E. Exploring Microfluidic Routes to Microgels of Biological Polymers. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007, 28, 527–538. doi: 10.1002/marc.200600776.

79. Romanov, V.; Walker, G. C. Infrared Near-Field Detection of a Narrow Resonance Due to Molecular Vibrations in a Nanoparticle. Langmuir 2007, 23, 2829–2837. doi: 10.1021/la0625594.

78. Zou, S.; Hong, R.; Emrick, T.; Walker, G. C. Ordered CdSe Nanoparticles within Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Domains on Surfaces. Langmuir 2007, 23, 1612–1614. doi: 10.1021/la0629274.

77. Walker, G.; Romanov, S.; Ip, S.; Nguyen, T. Near Field Optical and Infrared Imaging of Material and Metamaterial Surfaces. In Frontiers in Optics 2007/Laser Science XXIII/Organic Materials and Devices for Displays and Energy Conversion: Laser Science, San Jose, CA, United States, September 16, 2007. Optical Society of America, Washington, D. C., United States, 2007.

76. Zou, S.; Sullan, R. S.; Walker, G. Unfolding and refolding behavior of maltose-binding protein by AFM. In Polymers and Biology: Proceedings of the 232nd ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, September 11, 2006; American Chemical Society, WA, United States, 2006, POLY 297.

75. Zou, S.; Tivanski, A.; Li, J.; Walker, G. Nano forces in conjugated polymer thin films and self-assembled monolayers by conducting probe AFM. In Polymers in Nanotechnology: Proceedings of the 232nd ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, September 10, 2006; American Chemical Society, WA, United States, 2006, POLY 31.

74. Gunari, N.; Balazs, A. C.; Walker, G. C. Stretching behavior of single diblock copolymer chains in different solvent conditions. In Polymers in Nanotechnology: Proceedings of the 232nd ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, September 10, 2006; American Chemical Society, WA, United States, 2006, POLY 468.

73. Zhang, H.; Tumarkin, E.; Peerani, R.; Nie, Z.; Sullan, R. M. A.; Walker, G. C.; Kumacheva, E. Microfluidic Production of Biopolymer Microcapsules with Controlled Morphology. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 12205–12210. doi: 10.1021/ja0635682.

72. Stebounova, L.; Chen, F.; Bain, J.; Schlesinger, T. E.; Ip, S.; Walker, G. C. Field localization in very small aperture lasers studied by apertureless near-field microscopy. Appl. Opt. 2006, 45, 6192–6197. doi: 10.1364/AO.45.006192.

71. Sun, Y.; Walker, G. C. Viscoelastic Response of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) in Adhesive Interaction with AFM Tips. Langmuir 2005, 21, 8694–8702. doi: 10.1021/la050448j.

70. Tivanski, A. V.; Walker, G. C. Ferrocenylundecanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayer Charging Correlates with Negative Differential Resistance Measured by Conducting Probe Atomic Force Microscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 7647–7653. doi: 10.1021/ja0514491.

69. Meadows, P. Y.; Walker, G. C. Force Microscopy Studies of Fibronectin Adsorption and Subsequent Cellular Adhesion to Substrates with Well-Defined Surface Chemistries. Langmuir 2005, 21, 4096–4107. doi: 10.1021/la047241v.

68. Tivanski, A. V.; He, Y.; Borguet, E.; Walker, G. C.; Waldeck, D. H. Conjugated Thiol Linker for Enhanced Electrical Conduction of Gold–Molecule Contacts. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 5398–5402. doi: 10.1021/jp050022d.

67. Meadows, P. Y.; Bemis, J. E., Walker, G. C. Quantifying Adhesion Bond Parameters to Distinguish Interactions of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Blocks of Polystyrene–Poly-2-vinylpyridine with a Silicon Nitride Surface. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 4136–4137. doi: 10.1021/ja0427395.

66. Walker, G. C.; Sun, Y.; Guo, S.; Finlay, J. A.; Callow, M. E.; Callow, J. A. Surface Mechanical Properties of the Spore Adhesive of the Green Alga Ulva. J. Adhes. 2005, 81, 1101–1118. doi: 10.1080/00218460500310846.

65. Al-Maawali, S.; Bemis, J. E.; Akhremitchev, B. B.; Liu, H.; Walker, G. C. Single-Molecule AFM Study of Polystyrene Grafted at Gold Surfaces. J. Adhes. 2005, 81, 999–1016. doi: 10.1080/00218460500310416.

64. Akhremitchev, B. B.; Stebounova, L.; Sun, Y.; Walker, G. C. Apertureless Near-Field Infrared Microscopy for Chemical Imaging of Thin Films. In Applications of Scanned Probe Microscopy to Polymers; Batteas, J. D., Walker, G. C., Michaels, C., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Columbus, OH, 2005; 51–64.

63. Meadows, P. Y.; Bemis, J. E.; Al-Maawali, S.; Walker, G. C. Probing Single Molecules Using AFM. In Applications of Scanned Probe Microscopy to Polymers; Batteas, J. D., Walker, G. C., Michaels, C., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Columbus, OH, 2005; 148–161.

62. Sun, Y.; Guo, S.; Walker, G. C.; Kavanagh, C. J.; Swain, G. W. Surface elastic modulus of barnacle adhesive and release characteristics from silicone surfaces. Biofouling 2004, 20, 279–289. doi: 10.1080/08927010400026383.

61. Tivanski, A. V.; Walker, G. C. The role of adhesion forces in nanoscale measurements of the conductive properties of organic Surfaces using conductive probe AFM. Proc. SPIE 2004, 5513, 14–21. doi: 10.1117/12.559718.

60. Sun, Y.; Akhremitchev, B.; Walker, G. C. Using the Adhesive Interaction between Atomic Force Microscopy Tips and Polymer Surfaces to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Compliant Samples. Langmuir 2004, 20, 5837–5845. doi: 10.1021/la036461q.

59. Stebounova, L.; Romanov, V.; Akhremitchev, B.; Walker, G. Near Field Infrared Microscopy of Polymer Surfaces. In Volume 2: Materials: ANTEC 2004 Plastics: Annual Technical Conference. Society of Plastics Engineers, Chicago, IL, May 2004; 2364–2368.

58. Meadows, P. Y.; Bemis, J. E.; Walker, G. C. Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy of Isolated and Aggregated Fibronectin Proteins on Negatively Charged Surfaces in Aqueous Liquids. Langmuir 2003, 19, 9566–9572. doi: 10.1021/la035217w.

57. Chen, F.; Stebounova, L.; Itagi, A.; Akhremitchev, B. B.; Bain, J. A.; Stancil, D. D.; Walker, G. C.; Schlesinger, T. E. Imaging of optical field confinement in ridge waveguides fabricated on a very-small-aperture laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 3245–3247. doi: 10.1063/1.1621088.

56. Tivanski, A.; Wang, C.; Walker, G. C. Vibrational Mode Coupling to Ultrafast Electron Transfer in [(CN)₅OsCNRu(NH₃)₅]^– Studied by Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 9051–9058. doi: 10.1021/jp034274v.

55. Stebounova, L.; Akhremitchev, B. B.; Walker, G. C. Enhancement of the weak scattered signal in apertureless near-field scanning infrared microscopy. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2003, 74, 3670–3674. doi: 10.1063/1.1592876.

54. Khoshtariya, D. E.; Hansen, E.; Leecharoen, R.; Walker, G. C. Probing protein hydration by the difference O–H (O–D) vibrational spectroscopy: Interfacial percolation network involving highly polarizable water-water hydrogen bonds. J. Mol. Liq. 2003, 105, 13–36. doi: 10.1016/S0167-7322(03)00009-6.

53. Akhremitchev, B. B.; Bemis, J. E.; Al-Maawali, S.; Sun, Y.; Stebounova, L.; Walker, G. C. Application of Scanning Force and Near Field Microscopies to the Characterization of Minimally Adhesive Polymer Surfaces. Biofouling 2003, 19, 99–104. doi: 10.1080/0892701031000072217.

52. Tivanski, A. V.; Bemis, J. E.; Akhremitchev, B. B.; Liu, H.; Walker, G. C. Adhesion Forces in Conducting Probe Atomic Force Microscopy. Langmuir 2003, 19, 1929–1934. doi: 10.1021/la026555k

51. Chen, J.; Liu, H.; Weimer, W. A.; Halls, M. D.; Waldeck, D. H.; Walker, G. C. Noncovalent Engineering of Carbon Nanotube Surfaces by Rigid, Functional Conjugated Polymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 9034–9035. doi: 10.1021/ja026104m.

50. Akhremitchev, B. B.; Sun, Y.; Stebounova, L.; Walker, G. C. Monolayer-Sensitive Infrared Imaging of DNA Stripes Using Apertureless Near-Field Microscopy. Langmuir 2002, 18, 5325–5328. doi: 10.1021/la025700r.

49. Akhremitchev, B. B.; Walker, G. C. Developing Vibrational Infrared Near Field Spectroscopy to Characterize Polymer Structures on Surfaces: Identification and Reduction of Topographic Coupling Artifacts. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2002, 75, 1011–1018. doi: 10.1246/bcsj.75.1011.

48. Sun, Y.; Walker, G. C. Two-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Latex Particles in Wetting Films on Patterned Polymer Surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 2217–2223. doi: 10.1021/jp0143995.

47. Al-Maawali, S.; Bemis, J. E.; Akhremitchev, B. B.; Leecharoen, R.; Janesko, B. G.; Walker, G. C. Study of the Polydispersity of Grafted Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surfaces Using Single-Molecule Atomic Force Microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 3965–3971. doi: 10.1021/jp0037246.

46. Akhremitchev, B. B.; Pollack, S.; Walker G. C. Apertureless Scanning Near-Field Infrared Microscopy of a Rough Polymeric Surface. Langmuir 2001, 17, 2774–2781. doi: 10.1021/la001401v.

45. Walker, G. C.; Beratan, D. N. Electron Transfer. In Encyclopedia of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry; Moore, J. H., Spencer, N. D., Eds.; Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2001; 2657–2680.

44. Akhremitchev, B. B.; Brown, H. G.; Graner, S. R.; Walker, G. C. Force Modulation Elasticity Mapping of Plastic-embedded, Thin-sectioned Skeletal Muscle. Microsc. Microanal. 2001, 7, 32–38. Link to article.

43. Wang, C.; Mohney, B. K.; Akhremitchev, B. B.; Walker, G. C. Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy of Vibrational States Prepared by Photoinduced Electron Transfer in (CN)₅FeCNRu(NH₃)₅^–. J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 4314–4320. doi: 10.1021/jp993927y.

42. Mohney, B. K.; Petri, E. T.; Uvarova, V.; Walker, G. C. Infrared Absorption and Ultraviolet‑Circular Dichroism Spectral Studies of Thermally Induced Unfolding of Apomyoglobin. Appl. Spectrosc. 2000, 54, 9–14. Link to article.

41. Akhremitchev, B. B.; Walker, G. C. Finite Sample Thickness Effects on Elasticity Determination Using Atomic Force Microscopy. Langmuir 1999, 15, 5630–5634. doi: 10.1021/la980585z.

40. Gu, Y.; Akhremitchev, B.; Walker, G. C.; Waldeck, D. H. Structural Characterization and Electron Tunneling at n-Si/SiO₂/SAM/Liquid Interface. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 5220–5226. doi: 10.1021/jp9838184.

39. Bemis, J. E.; Akhremitchev, B. B.; Walker, G. C. Single Polymer Chain Elongation by Atomic Force Microscopy. Langmuir 1999, 15, 2799–2805. doi: 10.1021/la980853t.

38. Zhulina, E.; Walker, G. C.; Balazs, A. C. Modeling the Interactions between Atomic Force Microscope Tips and Polymeric Substrates. Langmuir 1998, 14, 4615–4622. doi: 10.1021/la980344r.

37. Akhremitchev, B. B.; Mohney, B. K.; Marra, K. G.; Chapman, T. M.; Walker, G. C. Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Hydration of Fluorinated Amide/Urethane Copolymer Film Surfaces. Langmuir 1998, 14, 3976–3982. doi: 10.1021/la970911v.

36. Wang, C.; Mohney, B. K.; Williams, R. D.; Petrov, V.; Hupp, J. T.; Walker, G. C. Solvent Control of Vibronic Coupling upon Intervalence Charge Transfer Excitation of (CN)₅FeCNRu(NH₃)₅^– as Revealed by Resonance Raman and Near-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopies. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5848–5849. doi: 10.1021/ja9736931.

35. Wang, C.; Mohney, B. K.; Leecharoen, R.; Walker, G. C. Photoinduced Release of Nitric Oxide from S-nitrosoglutathione. In Ultrafast Phenomena XI; Elsaesser, T., Fujimoto, J. G., Wiersma, D. A., Zinth, W., Eds.; Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: New York, 1998, 603–605.

34. Mohney, B. K.; Walker, G. C. Conformational Restriction of Cysteine-Bound NO in Bovine Serum Albumin Revealed by Circular Dichroism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 9311–9312. doi: 10.1021/ja971119j.

33. Wang, C.; Akhremitchev, B.; Walker, G. C. Femtosecond infrared and visible studies of photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer: Coumarin 337 in dimethylaniline. In Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Baltimore, MD, United States, May 18, 1997; Bokor, J.; Slusher, R.; Bucksbaum, P.; Falcone, R., Eds.; Optical Society of America, Washington, D. C., United States, 1997. Link to abstract.

32. Wang, C.; Akhremitchev, B.; Walker, G. C. Femtosecond Infrared and Visible Spectroscopy of Photoinduced Intermolecular Electron Transfer Dynamics and Solvent–Solute Reaction Geometries: Coumarin 337 in Dimethylaniline. J. Phys. Chem., A 1997, 101, 2735–2738. doi: 10.1021/jp962793a.

31. Akhremitchev, B.; Wang, C.; Walker, G. C. A femtosecond absorption spectrometer tunable from 50 000 to 800 cm⁻¹: Nonlinear optics and pump/probe geometries. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1996, 67, 3799–3805. doi: 10.1063/1.1147280.

30. Wynne, K.; Haran, G.; Reid, G. D.; Moser, C. C.; Walker, G. C.; Maiti, S.; Dutton, P. L.; Hochstrasser, R. M. Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy on Reaction Centers of Rb. Sphaeroides. In The Reaction Center of Photosynthetic Bacteria: Structure and Dynamics. Michel-Beyerle, M.-E., Ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996, 281–286.

29. Wang, C.; Mohney, B. K.; Akhremitchev, B. B.; Walker, G. C. Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy of Optically Excited Molecules. In Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy VII; Woodruff, W., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, 1996.

28. Diller, R.; Maiti, S.; Walker, G. C.; Cowen, B. R.; Pippenger, R.; Bogomolni; R. A.; Hochstrasser, R. M. Femtosecond time-resolved infrared laser study of the J–K transition of bacteriorhodopsin. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1995, 241, 109–115. doi: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00598-X.

27. Tominaga, K.; Walker, G. C. Femtosecond experiments on solvation dynamics of an anionic probe molecule in methanol. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 1995, 87, 127–133. doi: 10.1016/1010-6030(94)03976-2.

26. Walker, G. C.; Hochstrasser, R. M. Ultrafast Vibrational Spectroscopy: Methods, Theory, and Applications. In Laser Techniques in Chemistry; Myers, A. B., Rizzo, T. R., Eds. Wiley: New York, 1995.

25. Maiti, S.; Walker, G. C.; Cowen, B. R.; Pippenger, R.; Moser, C. C.; Dutton, P. L.; Hochstrasser, R. M. Femtosecond coherent transient infrared spectroscopy of reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1994, 91, 10360–10364. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.22.10360

24. Walker, G. C.; Maiti, S.; Cowen, B. R.; Moser, C. C.; Dutton, P. L.; Hochstrasser, R. M. Time Resolution of Electronic Transitions of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers in the Infrared. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 5778–5783. doi: 10.1021/j100073a035.

23. Hochstrasser, R. M.; Cowen, B. R.; Dutton, P. L.; Galli, C.; LeCours, S.; Maiti, S.; Moser, C. C.; Raftery, D.; Therien, M.; Walker, G.; Wynne, K. Vibrational Dynamics in Condensed Phases and Proteins. In Time Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy VI: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy, Berlin, Germany, May, 1993; Lau, A., Werncke, W., Siebert, F., Eds.; Spring-Verlag: Berlin, 1994, 191–198.

22. Walker, G. C.; Maiti, S.; Reid, G. D.; Wynne, K.; Pippenger, R. S.; Moser, C. C.; Cowen, B. R.; Dutton, P. L.; Hochstrasser, R. M. Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Coherent Regime: Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. In Ultrafast Phenomena IX; Knox, W. A., Barbara, P. F., Mourou, G. A., Zewail, A., Eds; Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: New York, 1994.

21. Walker, G. C.; Cowen, B.; Maiti, S.; Moser, C. C.; Dutton, P. L.; Hochstrasser, R. M. Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy of biological processes. In Proceedings Volume 1890, Biomolecular Spectroscopy III: Optics, Electro-Optics, and Laser Applications in Science and Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, United States, May 1, 1993; SPIE: Bellingham, WA, United States, 1993. doi: 10.1117/12.145244.

20. Johnson, A. E.; Levinger, N. E.; Walker, G. C.; Barbara, P. F. Ultrafast Studies and Simulations on Direct Photoinduced Electron Transfer in the Betaines. In Ultrafast Phenomena VIII; Martin, J.-L., Migus, A., Mourou, G. A., Zewail, A. H., Eds.; Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: New York, 1993.

19. Hochstrasser, R. M.; Diller, R.; Maiti, S.; Lian, T.; Locke, B. R.; Moser, C. C.; Dutton, P. L.; Cowen, B. R.; Walker, G. C. Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy of Protein Dynamics. In Ultrafast Phenomena VIII; Martin, J.-L., Migus, A., Mourou, G. A., Zewail, A. H., Eds.; Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: New York, 1993.

18. Johnson, A. E.; Jarzeba, W.; Walker, G. C.; Barbara, P. F. Ultrafast Torsional Relaxation from the Barrier Region for an Excited-State Isomerization in Solution: 9-Carbonylanthracences. Isr. J. Chem. 1993, 33, 199–206. doi: 10.1002/ijch.199300025.

17. Kliner, D. A. V.; Tominaga, K.; Walker, G. C.; Barbara, P. F. Comparison of experimental and theoretical absolute rates for intervalence electron transfer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8323–8325. doi: 10.1021/ja00047a073

16. Levinger, N. E.; Johnson, A. E.; Walker, G. C.; Barbara, P. F. Specific excitation of the solvent coordinate in the S₃→S₁ and S₁→S₀ radiationless decay of the betaines. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 196, 159–165. doi: 10.1016/0009-2614(92)85947-9

15. Barbara, P. F.; Walker, G. C.; Smith, T. P. Vibrational Modes and the Dynamic Solvent Effect in Electron and Proton Transfer. Science 1992, 256, 975–981. doi: 10.1126/science.256.5059.975.

14. Åkesson, E.; Johnson, A. E.; Levinger, N. E.; Walker, G. C.; DuBruil, T. P.; Barbara, P. F. Temperature dependence of the inverted regime: Electron transfer kinetics of betaine-30 and the role of molecular modes. J. Chem. Phys. 1992, 96, 7859–7862. doi: 10.1063/1.462384.

13. Smith, T. P.; Zaklika, K. A.; Thakur, K.; Walker, G. C.; Tominaga, K.; Barbara, P. F. Ultrafast studies on proton transfer in photostabilizers. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 1992, 65, 165–175. doi: 10.1016/1010-6030(92)85041-R.

12. Walker, G. C.; Aakesson, E.; Johnson, A. E.; Levinger, N. E.; Barbara, P. F. Interplay of solvent motion and vibrational excitation in electron-transfer kinetics: experiment and theory. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 3728–3736. doi: 10.1021/j100188a032.

11. Smith, T. P.; Zaklika, K. A.; Thakur, K.; Walker, G. C.; Tominaga, K.; Barbara, P. F. Spectroscopic studies of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in 1-(acylamino)anthraquinones. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 10465–10475. doi: 10.1021/j100178a038.

10. Tominaga, K.; Walker, G. C.; Jarzeba, W.; Barbara, P. F. Ultrafast charge separation in ADMA: experiment, simulation, and theoretical issues. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 10475–10485. doi: 10.1021/j100178a039.

9. Tominaga, K.; Walker, G. C.; Kang, T. J.; Barbara, P. F.; Fonseca, T. Reaction rates in the phenomenological adiabatic excited-state electron-transfer theory. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 10485–10492. doi: 10.1021/j100178a040.

8. Akesson, E.; Walker, G. C.; Barbara, P. F. Dynamic solvent effects on electron transfer rates in the inverted regime: Ultrafast studies on the betaines. J. Chem. Phys. 1991, 95, 4188–4194. doi: 10.1063/1.460774.

7. Walker, G. C.; Barbara, P. F.; Doorn, S. K.; Dong, Y.; Hupp, J. T. Ultrafast measurements on direct photoinduced electron transfer in a mixed-valence complex. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 5712–5715. doi: 10.1021/j100168a002.

6. Jarzeba, W.; Walker, G. C.; Johnson, A. E.; Barbara, P. F. Nonexponential solvation dynamics of simple liquids and mixtures. Chem. Phys. 1991, 152, 57–68. doi: 10.1016/0301-0104(91)80034-F.

5. Walker, G. C.; Jarzeba, W.; Kang, T. J.; Johnson, A. E.; Barbara, P. F. Ultraviolet femtosecond fluorescence spectroscopy: techniques and Applications. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1990, 7, 1521–1527. doi: 10.1364/JOSAB.7.001521.

4. Papanikolas, J.; Walker, G. C.; Shamamian, V. A.; Christensen, R. L.; Baum, J. C. Effects of hydrogen bonding on the low-lying electronic states of a model polyene aldehyde. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 1912–1920. doi: 10.1021/ja00161a041.

3. Flom, S. R.; Walker, G. C.; Lynch, L. E.; Miller, L. L.; Barbara, P. F. Degenerate four-wave mixing experiments on polyacene quinones. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1989, 154, 193–198. doi: 10.1016/0009-2614(89)87447-0.

2. Jarzeba, W.; Walker, G. C.; Johnson, A. E.; Kahlow, M. A.; Barbara, P. F. Femtosecond microscopic solvation dynamics of aqueous solutions. J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 7039–7041. doi: 10.1021/j100336a002.

1. Barbara, P. F.; Walker, G. C. Ultrafast Measurements on Excited State Isomerizations. Rev. Chem. Intermed. 1988, 10, 1–33. doi: 10.1007/BF03158337.